Science and Technology Behind the Measurements

Technical, application-specific documents.

• Tech Note - Enabling Inductive Modem Communication for the SeaFET V2 and SeapHOx V2 pH Sensors, Greg Ikeda, April 2019
• Tech Note - ISFET pH Sensors: Internal and External References, Greg Ikeda, March 2019
• Tech Note - Troubleshooting Basics: Profiling CTDs, Greg Ikeda, October 2018
• Tech Note - Configuring a SUNA V2 for Real-Time Analog Output, Greg Ikeda, August 2018

• A Flexible, Automated, Processing and Decision System to Support Ocean Color Satellite Vicarious Calibration Using Hyperspectral Radiometric Instrumentation on Autonomous Profiling Floats, Andrew Barnard¹, Emmanuel Boss², Robert Frouin³, Matthew R. Mazloff^{3
  1} Sea-Bird Scientific     ² University of Maine     ³ Scripps Institute of Oceanography
• Field Performance of an ISFET Based Profiling pH Sensor, Charles W. Branham¹,* Vladislav Simontov¹, Yuichiro Takeshita² & David Murphy^{1
  1} Sea-Bird Scientific     ² Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
• The SBE 61 CTD: Measuring The Bottom Half Of The Ocean, David J. Murphy and Kim I. Martini
  Sea-Bird Scientific
• The Second String: A proposal to improve Argo salinity data from CTDs with onboard dynamic corrections, Kim I. Martini and David J. Murphy
  Sea-Bird Scientific
• On Sampling Biases arising from Insufficient Bottle Flushing, Christopher Paver ¹, Louis Codispoti ², From Poster Presentation, 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 21 - 26 February 2016
  ¹ NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information     ² University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
• Long-Term Stability of a Moored Optical Oxygen Sensor in an Estuary, Stephanie Jaeger ¹, Simone Simbeck ¹, Carol Janzen ², Samuel Bennett ¹, David Murphy ¹, From Poster Presentation, 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 21 - 26 February 2016.
  ¹ Sea-Bird Scientific     ² Alaska Ocean Observing System
• Advances in Bio-Optical Sensing on Robotic Platforms to elucidate Ecosystem Production in the Interior Ocean, Ian Walsh ¹, Nick Hardman-Mountford ², Francois Dufois ², Bozena Wojtasiewicz ², Dirk Slawinski ², David Murphy ¹, From Poster Presentation, 2016 Ocean Sciences Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 21 - 26 February 2016
  ¹ Sea-Bird Scientific     ² CSIRO
• Considerations on the Collection of Data from Bio-Argo Floats across Sampling Scales, Ian Walsh, Joel Reiter, Dan Quittman, David Murphy, Thomas Mitchell, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, GAIC 2015 Meeting, Galway, Ireland, 14 - 18 September 2015
• Slope to Basin and Vertical Particle Transport Dynamics Measured with a Profiling Biogeochemical Float,  Ian Walsh, Dave Murphy, Thomas O. Mitchell, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 23-28 February 2014
• New Generation of Instrumentation for Navis Profiling Floats, Joel Reiter, Dan Quittman, Thomas O. Mitchell, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 23-28 February 2014
• Improving Argo Float Data: Steps toward Implementing Onboard Cell Thermal Mass Corrections, Carol Janzen, Dave Murphy, Joel Reiter, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2014 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 23-28 February 2014
• Drift Measurements in Pressure Sensors, Joel Reiter, Dave Murphy, and Nordeen Larson, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2012 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 19-24 February 2012
• On the Use of a Secondary Standard to Improve Autosal Calibration, Genevieve Haviland Howell, Richard Guenther, Carol Janzen, Nordeen Larson (Sea-Bird Scientific), From Poster Presentation, AGU Ocean Sciences, Portland, Oregon, USA, 22 - 26 February 2010
• Measurement of Salinity and Temperature Profiles through the Sea Surface on Argo Floats, David Murphy¹, Stephen Riser², Nordeen Larson¹, and Carol Janzen¹, From Poster Presentation, 4th Aquarius/SAC-D Science Workshop, Puerto Madryn, Argentina, 3 - 5 December 2008
  ¹ Sea-Bird Scientific    ² University of Washington
• STS: An Instrument for Extending Argo Temperature and Salinity Measurements through the Sea Surface, Nordeen Larson, Carol Janzen, and David Murphy, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2008 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Orlando Florida, 2 - 7 March 2008
• Improvements to the SBE 43 Oxygen Calibration Algorithm, David Murphy, Nordeen Larson, and Brad Edwards, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2008 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Orlando Florida, 2 - 7 March 2008
• Assessing the Calibration Stability of Oxygen Sensor Data on Argo profiling floats using routine WOCE monitoring data from HOT, Carol Janzen and Nordeen Larson, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 2008 Ocean Sciences Meeting, Orlando Florida, 2 - 7 March 2008
• Extend Your Dissolved Oxygen Measurements in High Fouling Environments, Carol Janzen, David Murphy, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster developed for Estuarine Research Federation 2007 Conference, Providence, RI, USA, November 4 - 8, 2007
• A Year of Oxygen Measurements from Argo Floats, Nordeen Larson, Sea-Bird Scientific, From Poster Presentation, 1st ARGO Science Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, 12 - 14 November 2003
  
   

• Aquaculture and Acidification: Field Testing the Alpha SeapHOx V2, ECO Magazine, January 29, 2019
• Verifying ISFET Sensors: Test Bath, Field Experiments to Check Accuracy of pH Measurements, Greg Ikeda, Sea Technology, October 2018
• Sea-Bird Scientific's Inductive Modem System: Providing Real-Time Data from NOAA PMEL Ocean Climate Station Moorings, Ocean News and Technology, August 31, 2017
• Reliably Measuring pH In the Ocean: Deep SeaFET Maintains Accuracy over Broad Temp, Pressure Ranges, Charles W. Branham,  David J. Murphy, Ian D. Walsh, Sea-Technology, March 2017
• Perspectives for Accuracy and Quality Assurance of CTD & Biogeochemical Data Streams from Autonomous Platforms, Ian D. Walsh, Jochen Klinke, Kim Martini, David Murphy, Sea-Bird Scientific, ALPS II meeting, La Jolla, CA, February 21-24, 2017
• Long-Term Accuracy, Stability of Argo CTDs, Carol Janzen, Norge Larson, David Murphy, Sea-Bird Scientific, Sea Technology, February 2016
• Real-Time Ocean Observing Systems with Inductive Modem Telemetry Technology, Debbie Bresko, David Murphy, Sea-Bird Scientific, Ocean News & Technology, Volume 20, Issue 8, August 2014
• Biogeochemical Monitoring of the Oceans Using Autonomous Profiling Floats, Andrew Barnard (WET Labs) and Tom Mitchell (Sea-Bird Scientific), Ocean News & Technology, Volume 19, Issue 2, March 2013
• Environmental Monitoring of Dredging Operations, Thomas O. Mitchell (Sea-Bird Scientific) and Ian Walsh (WET Labs), Ocean News & Technology, Volume 18, Issue 11, December 2012
• Physical Oceanographic Data from Seaglider Trials in Stratified Coastal Waters Using a New Pumped Payload CTD, Carol Janzen (Sea-Bird Scientific), Elizabeth Creed (iRobot Corporation), Proceedings of Oceans 2011 MTS/IEEE Kona, September 19 - 22, 2011
• Improving CTD Data from Gliders by Optimizing Sample Rate and Flow Past Sensors, Carol Janzen (Sea-Bird Scientific), Ocean News & Technology, Volume 17, Issue 7, August 2011
• Considerations for CTD Spatial and Temporal Resolution on Moving Platforms, Carol Janzen (Sea-Bird Scientific), Ocean News & Technology, Volume 15, Issue 6, September 2009
• WQM: New Instrumentation for Coastal Monitoring, Carol Janzen (Sea-Bird Scientific), Nordeen Larson (Sea-Bird Scientific), and Casey Moore (WET Labs), Sea Technology, Volume 49, Number 2, February 2008
• Long-Term Oxygen Measurements, Carol Janzen, Nordeen Larson, and David Murphy, Sea-Bird Scientific, International Ocean Systems, Volume 12, Number 2, March/April 2008
• WQM: A New Integrated Water Quality Monitoring Package for Long-Term In-Situ Observation of Physical and Biogeochemical Parameters, Cristina M. Orrico¹, Casey Moore¹, Dave Romanko¹, Alex Derr¹, Andrew H. Barnard¹, Carol Janzen², Norge Larson², David Murphy², Rob Johnson², Jesse Bauman², Proceedings of Oceans 2007 MTS/IEEE Vancouver, B.C., Canada, October 1 - 4, 2007
  ¹ WET Labs     ² Sea-Bird Scientific
   
• Getting More Mileage out of Dissolved Oxygen Sensors in Long-Term Moored Applications, Carol Janzen, David Murphy, Nordeen Larson, Sea-Bird Scientific, Proceedings of Oceans 2007 MTS/IEEE Vancouver, B.C., Canada, October 1 - 4, 2007
• Dissolved oxygen extrema in the Arctic ocean halocline from the North Pole to the Lincoln Sea, Kelly Kenison Falkner, Michael Steele, Rebecca A. Woogate, James H. Swift, Knut Aagaard, James Morison, Deep Sea Research, I 52 (2005) 1138 - 1154
• Development of an Optimized Dissolved Oxygen Sensor for Oceanographic Profiling, Jim Carlson, Sea-Bird Scientific, International Ocean Systems, Volume 6, Number 5, September/October 2002
• Advances in Drifting Buoy Technology, Sean C. Kennan, Pearn P. Niiler, and Andrew Sybrandy, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. USA, Int. WOCE Newsletter, #30, March 1998, 7-10
• In-situ Temperature Calibration: A Remark on Instruments and Methods, G. Budeus and W. Schneider, Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany, Int. WOCE Newsletter, #30, March 1998, 16-18
• Comparative Thermodynamic Efficiency Measurements Using PT-100 Sensors and Seabird 38, E. Bokko, Norconsult AS and H. Hullaas, SWECO Groner AS, For International Group for Hydroelectric Efficiency Measurement (IGHEM) 2004 Conference
• Thermodynamic Method: Comparison of Sea-Bird Scientific and Pt 100 Temperature Probes, E. Paquet, E.D.F. Division Technique Générale, France, For International Group for Hydroelectric Efficiency Measurement (IGHEM), 1998 Conference, in conjunction with HydroVision '98, Reno, Nevada USA, July 28-31 1998, p 217-227
• On the Design and Implementation of Argo, A Global Array of Profiling Floats, The Argo Science Team (Dean Roemmich [chair], Olaf Boebel, Howard Freeland, Brian King, Pierre-Yves LeTraon, Robert Molinari, W. Brechner Owens, Stephen Riser, Uwe Send, Kensuke Takeuchi, Susan Wijffels)
• The Correction for Thermal-Lag Effects in Sea-Bird Scientific CTD Data, Morison, J., R. Andersen, Larson, N., D'Asaro, E., and Boyd, T.,  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT), V11(4), August 1994, 1151-1164
• Dynamic Response of Sea-Bird Scientific CTD Pressure Sensors to Temperature, Chiswell, S.M., Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT), V8(5), October 1991, p 659-668
• Thermal Inertia of Conductivity Cells: Theory, Lueck, R.G. (1990), Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT), V7(5), October 1990, p 741-755
• Thermal Inertia of Conductivity Cells: Observations with a Sea-Bird Scientific Cell, Lueck, R.G. and J.J. Picklo, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT), V7(5), October 1990, p 756-768
• Moored Salinity Time Series Measurements at 0°, 140° W, McPhaden, M.J., H. Paul Freitag and Andrew J. Shepherd, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT), V7(4), August 1990, p 568-575
• Dynamic Response Calibration of Sea-Bird Scientific Temperature and Conductivity Probes, Gregg, M.C. and W.C. Hess,  Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (JAOT), V2(3), September 1985, 304-313
   

• Smethie, W.M. Jr., et al., "A lightweight vertical rosette for deployment in ice-covered waters". Deep-Sea Research I (2011), doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.12.007 (abstract)
• Edwards, B., Janzen, C., Murphy, D., Larson, N., "Calibration, Response and Hysteresis in Deep-Sea Dissolved Oxygen Measurements", Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Volume 27, Issue 5, May 2010 (abstract)
• Irish, J.D., Ward, L.G., and Boduch, S., "Correcting and Validating Moored Oxygen Time-Series Observations in the Gulf of Maine", MTS 1-410-884-5330, IEEE Catalog Number CFP08OCE-CDR, ISBN 978-1-4244-2620-1, Library of Congress 2008904879
• Riser, S.C and Johnson, K.S., "Net production of oxygen in the subtropical ocean", Nature, January 2008, p. 323 - 325 (abstract)
• "Supercalibration on the High Seas" (1997), NMi News, Nederlands Meetinstituut, V11(2), 3
• Baker, E.T., Feely, R.A., Mottl, M.J., Sansone, F. T., Wheat, C.G., Resing, J.A., Lupton, J.E., "Hydrothermal plumes along the East Pacific Rise, 8° 40′ to 11° 50′ N: Plume distribution and relationship to the apparent magmatic budget", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 128 (1994) 1-17
• Larson, N.G. (1993) "Calibration of Oceanographic CTD Instruments: Methods and Traceability", Journal of Advanced Marine Technology Conference V7, 3-13
• Huyer, A. and P.M. Kosro, R. O'Malley, J. Fleishbein (1993) "Seasoar and CTD Observations during a COARE Surveys Cruise, W9211C, 22 Jan to 22 Feb 93, OSU Data Report
• Pedersen, A.M. and M.C. Gregg (1979) "Development of a small in-situ conductivity instrument", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering V4(3), 69-75
   

• Gregg, M.C. and T.B. Meagher (1980) "The Dynamic Response of Glass Rod Thermistors", Journal of Geophysical Research, V85(c5), 2779-2786. (abstract)
• Pike, J.M. and F.L. Beiboer (1993) "A Comparison Between Algorithms for the Speed of Sound in Seawater", The Hydrographic Society, Special Publication No. 34. (link to information)
• Poisson, A., M.H. Gadhoumi, and S. Morcos (1991) "Salinity and density of seawater: Tables for high salinities (42 to 50)", Unesco technical papers in marine science 62. (full article)
• Wearn, R.B. and N.G. Larson (1982) "Measurements of the sensitivities and drift of Digiquartz pressure sensors", Deep-Sea Research, V29 (1A), 111-134. (abstract)
• Note: Many Unesco marine science publications are available through Unesco's website search

• 20,000 colleagues under the sea (article about gliders, which use Sea-Bird Scientific sensors), The Economist, June 9, 2012
• A New Wave of Ocean Explorers (article about the Wave Glider, which uses Sea-Bird Scientific sensors), Wall Street Journal, March 2012
• Sea-Bird Electronics: Small Beginnings, Global Impacts, Marine Technology Reporter, March 2012
• GO_SHIP.ORG (interesting website with information on data acquisition methods)
• Hydrocast Carousel, Discover Magazine, April 20, 2010 issue
• A brief overview of a CTD system, YouTube video on the R/V Wecoma, December 29, 2009
• Robot buoys are taking the ocean's pulse (article about Argo floats), Sandi Doughton, Seattle Times science reporter, April 2, 2008
• YouTube Playlists - From Sea-Bird Scientific