The data above come from a profiling CTD, deployed in sea conditions that caused approximately 1-meter ship heave. Two things stick out – relatively unchanging salinity data during the downcast, and noisy data during the upcast (shown in light blue and pink).
The figure above shows a zoomed-in view of 200 – 240 meters depth. Ship heave is shown in the oscillations in descent rate. If you look closely, a “bump” in salinity and temperature corresponds almost perfectly with each motion of the ship. This is a clear indication that the pump isn’t working – when a CTD has a functional pump, the temperature and conductivity sensors have a consistent flow of water regardless of descent rate and sea conditions. The resulting pumped data are smooth, with minimal effect from ship heave.
Without a pump, the flow of water is dependent on the motion of the CTD package, where a faster descent rate will force more water through the plumbing. Data from the downcast are usually less affected, as the downward motion of the CTD package causes some flow through the plumbing. On the upcast however, water easily becomes entrained in the CTD’s plumbing, and may be unchanging, or will have a strong correlation with ship heave.
Read our Troubleshooting Guide for profiling CTDs to learn more troubleshooting techniques.
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